Some examples of crises include, but are not limited to the following:

• Definition and Types of Crisis

  The Psychological Counseling Unit of our University implements a holistic, secure, rapid, and ethically grounded intervention system for psychological crisis situations that students and staff may encounter. Crisis management is not merely a structure activated in emergencies; it is also a cyclical process that identifies risks early, initiates preventive support mechanisms, and strengthens post-crisis recovery.

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  1.1. Thoughts of Self-Harm

  Initial Contact
  • The client may apply directly or be referred by third parties.
  • Priority: Ensuring safety.

  Assessment
  • Risk level (ideation, plan, access to means)
  • Identification of protective factors
  • Level of urgency

  Emergency Referral Mechanism
  • Referral to 112 Emergency Services in high-risk situations
  • Psychiatric consultation
  • Hospital referral if necessary

  Follow-Up Process
  • A safety plan is developed
  • Frequent follow-up sessions are scheduled
  • Family notification (when necessary and within ethical boundaries)

  Confidentiality and Ethics
  • In life-threatening situations, confidentiality limits are ethically reassessed.

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  1.2. Intent or Thoughts of Harming Others

  Initial Contact
  • Learned through reporting or client disclosure.

  Assessment
  • Level of threat
  • Presence of a specific target
  • Capacity for control

  Emergency Referral Mechanism
  • Notification of the university security unit
  • Psychiatric evaluation

  Follow-Up Process
  • Behavioral control plan
  • Regular psychological support

  Confidentiality and Ethical Principles
  • Ethical boundaries are applied with public safety as the primary priority.

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  1.3. Difficulty Continuing Daily Life

  Initial Contact
  • Noticeable decline in academic or social functioning

  Assessment
  • Depressive symptoms
  • Anxiety level
  • Sleep and nutrition patterns

  Referral
  • Individual psychological counseling
  • Psychiatric support if necessary

  Follow-Up Process
  • Weekly sessions
  • Functional evaluation

  Confidentiality and Ethical Principles
  • Client consent is essential.

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  1.4. Recent Exposure to a Traumatic Event

  Initial Contact
  • Application or referral following the event

  Assessment
  • Trauma symptoms (flashbacks, avoidance, hyperarousal)
  • Acute stress reaction

  Referral
  • Trauma-focused psychological support
  • Psychiatric evaluation (when necessary)

  Follow-Up Process
  • Monitoring post-traumatic stress symptoms
  • Stabilization interventions

  Confidentiality and Ethical Principles
  • The client’s privacy is prioritized.

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  1.5. Loss of a Family Member, Spouse, Partner, or Close Individual

  Initial Contact
  • Application due to the grieving process

  Assessment
  • Differentiation between normal grief and complicated grief
  • Risk factors

  Referral
  • Individual grief counseling
  • Support groups

  Follow-Up Process
  • Ongoing monitoring
  • Recommendations for academic flexibility

  Confidentiality and Ethical Principles
  • All sessions are conducted confidentially.

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  1.6. Academic Burnout and Severe Emotional Burden

  Initial Contact
  • Significant decline in academic performance

  Assessment
  • Burnout scales
  • Stress level and coping capacity

  Referral
  • Time management programs
  • Individual psychological support

  Follow-Up Process
  • Well-being monitoring
  • Coordination with academic advisor (with consent)

  Confidentiality and Ethical Principles
  • Information is shared only with the client’s consent.

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  Core Principles of the Crisis Management Mechanism

  • Rapid intervention
  • Full adherence to confidentiality and ethical principles
  • Scientifically grounded assessment and referral
  • Student safety as the primary priority
  • Sensitivity to cultural, personal, and emotional differences
  • Continuous follow-up and monitoring process

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  Intervention Plan for Each Type of Crisis

  1. Initial Contact

  • The student is promptly taken to a safe environment.
  • Emotional state, risk level, and needs are assessed.

  2. Assessment

  • Risk level: low / moderate / high
  • Need for psychiatric support
  • Necessity of contacting family/responsible persons (within ethical boundaries)

  3. Emergency Referral Mechanism

  • University health unit
  • Emergency services
  • Psychiatry
  • Campus security (in threat situations)

  4. Follow-Up Process

  • Post-crisis monitoring sessions
  • Informing academic advisors if necessary (within confidentiality limits)
  • Long-term psychological counseling support

  5. Confidentiality and Ethics

  • All information is kept confidential.
  • Mandatory reporting occurs only if the student’s safety is at risk.
  • All processes are conducted in accordance with ethical principles.